Abstract
AbstractElectrochemically reversible redox couples that embrace more electron transfer at a higher potential are the eternal target for energy storage batteries. Here, we report a four-electron aqueous zinc-iodine battery by activating the highly reversible I2/I+ couple (1.83 V vs. Zn/Zn2+) in addition to the typical I−/I2 couple (1.29 V). This is achieved by intensive solvation of the aqueous electrolyte to yield ICl inter-halogens and to suspend its hydrolysis. Experimental characterization and modelling reveal that limited water activity and sufficient free chloride ions in the electrolyte are crucial for the four-electron process. The merits of the electrolyte also afford to stabilize Zn anode, leading to a reliable Zn-I2 aqueous battery of 6000 cycles. Owing to high operational voltage and capacity, energy density up to 750 Wh kg−1 based on iodine mass was achieved (15–20 wt% iodine in electrode). It pushes the Zn-I2 battery to a superior level among these available aqueous batteries.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
General Physics and Astronomy,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Chemistry
Reference56 articles.
1. Liang, Y. et al. A review of rechargeable batteries for portable electronic devices. InfoMat 1, 6–32 (2019).
2. Li, M. et al. Design strategies for nonaqueous multivalent-ion and monovalent-ion battery anodes. Nat. Rev. Mater. 5, 276–294 (2020).
3. Ponrouch, A., Frontera, C., Bardé, F. & Palacín, M. R. Towards a calcium-based rechargeable battery. Nat. Mater. 15, 169–172 (2016).
4. Aurbach, D. et al. Prototype systems for rechargeable magnesium batteries. Nature 407, 724–727 (2000).
5. Kundu, D., Adams, B. D., Ort, V. D., Vajargah, S. H. & Nazar, L. F. A high-capacity and long-life aqueous rechargeable zinc battery using a metal oxide intercalation cathode. Nat. Energy 1, 16119 (2016).
Cited by
143 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献，注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献，订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献