Tracing animal genomic evolution with the chromosomal-level assembly of the freshwater sponge Ephydatia muelleri

Author:

Kenny Nathan J.ORCID,Francis Warren R.ORCID,Rivera-Vicéns Ramón E.ORCID,Juravel KseniaORCID,de Mendoza AlexORCID,Díez-Vives CristinaORCID,Lister RyanORCID,Bezares-Calderón Luis A.ORCID,Grombacher LaurenORCID,Roller MašaORCID,Barlow Lael D.ORCID,Camilli SaraORCID,Ryan Joseph F.ORCID,Wörheide GertORCID,Hill April L.ORCID,Riesgo AnaORCID,Leys Sally P.ORCID

Abstract

AbstractThe genomes of non-bilaterian metazoans are key to understanding the molecular basis of early animal evolution. However, a full comprehension of how animal-specific traits, such as nervous systems, arose is hindered by the scarcity and fragmented nature of genomes from key taxa, such as Porifera. Ephydatia muelleri is a freshwater sponge found across the northern hemisphere. Here, we present its 326 Mb genome, assembled to high contiguity (N50: 9.88 Mb) with 23 chromosomes on 24 scaffolds. Our analyses reveal a metazoan-typical genome architecture, with highly shared synteny across Metazoa, and suggest that adaptation to the extreme temperatures and conditions found in freshwater often involves gene duplication. The pancontinental distribution and ready laboratory culture of E. muelleri make this a highly practical model system which, with RNAseq, DNA methylation and bacterial amplicon data spanning its development and range, allows exploration of genomic changes both within sponges and in early animal evolution.

Funder

Gouvernement du Canada | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

General Physics and Astronomy,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Chemistry

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