Phosphorescent extensophores expose elastic nonuniformity in polymer networks

Author:

Zheng KaikaiORCID,Zhang Yifan,Li BoORCID,Granick SteveORCID

Abstract

AbstractNetworks and gels are soft elastic solids of tremendous technological importance that consist of cross-linked polymers whose structure and connectivity at the molecular level are fundamentally nonuniform. Pre-failure local mechanical responses are not understood at the level of individual crosslinks, despite the enormous attention given to their macroscopic mechanical responses and to developing optical probes to detect their loci of mechanical failure. Here, introducing the extensophore concept to measure nondestructive forces using an optical probe with continuous force readout proportional to deformation, we show that the crosslinks in an elastic polymer network extend, fluctuate, and deform with a wide range of molecular individuality. Requiring little specialized equipment, this foundational single-molecule phosphorescence approach, applied here to polymer science and engineering, can be useful to a broad science and engineering community.

Funder

Institute for Basic Science Korea, Grant IBS-R020-D1

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

General Physics and Astronomy,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Chemistry,Multidisciplinary

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