Filopodia rotate and coil by actively generating twist in their actin shaft

Author:

Leijnse Natascha,Barooji Younes Farhangi,Arastoo Mohammad RezaORCID,Sønder Stine Lauritzen,Verhagen Bram,Wullkopf Lena,Erler Janine TerraORCID,Semsey Szabolcs,Nylandsted JesperORCID,Oddershede Lene BroengORCID,Doostmohammadi AminORCID,Bendix Poul MartinORCID

Abstract

AbstractFilopodia are actin-rich structures, present on the surface of eukaryotic cells. These structures play a pivotal role by allowing cells to explore their environment, generate mechanical forces or perform chemical signaling. Their complex dynamics includes buckling, pulling, length and shape changes. We show that filopodia additionally explore their 3D extracellular space by combining growth and shrinking with axial twisting and buckling. Importantly, the actin core inside filopodia performs a twisting or spinning motion which is observed for a range of cell types spanning from earliest development to highly differentiated tissue cells. Non-equilibrium physical modeling of actin and myosin confirm that twist is an emergent phenomenon of active filaments confined in a narrow channel which is supported by measured traction forces and helical buckles that can be ascribed to accumulation of sufficient twist. These results lead us to conclude that activity induced twisting of the actin shaft is a general mechanism underlying fundamental functions of filopodia.

Funder

Natur og Univers, Det Frie Forskningsråd

Danmarks Grundforskningsfond

Novo Nordisk Fonden

Villum Fonden

EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

General Physics and Astronomy,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Chemistry,Multidisciplinary

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