Impaired humoral immunity to BQ.1.1 in convalescent and vaccinated patients

Author:

Dewald Felix,Pirkl MartinORCID,Paluschinski MarthaORCID,Kühn Joachim,Elsner CarinaORCID,Schulte BiancaORCID,Knüfer Jacqueline,Ahmadov Elvin,Schlotz Maike,Oral Göksu,Bernhard Michael,Michael Mark,Luxenburger Maura,Andrée Marcel,Hennies Marc Tim,Hafezi Wali,Müller Marlin Maybrit,Kümpers Philipp,Risse JoachimORCID,Kill Clemens,Manegold Randi Katrin,von Frantzki Ute,Richter Enrico,Emmert Dorian,Monzon-Posadas Werner O.,Gräff Ingo,Kogej Monika,Büning Antonia,Baum Maximilian,Teipel FinnORCID,Mochtarzadeh Babak,Wolff Martin,Gruell HenningORCID,Di Cristanziano VeronicaORCID,Burst Volker,Streeck Hendrik,Dittmer Ulf,Ludwig StephanORCID,Timm Jörg,Klein FlorianORCID

Abstract

AbstractDetermining SARS-CoV-2 immunity is critical to assess COVID-19 risk and the need for prevention and mitigation strategies. We measured SARS-CoV-2 Spike/Nucleocapsid seroprevalence and serum neutralizing activity against Wu01, BA.4/5 and BQ.1.1 in a convenience sample of 1,411 patients receiving medical treatment in the emergency departments of five university hospitals in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, in August/September 2022. 62% reported underlying medical conditions and 67.7% were vaccinated according to German COVID-19 vaccination recommendations (13.9% fully vaccinated, 54.3% one booster, 23.4% two boosters). We detected Spike-IgG in 95.6%, Nucleocapsid-IgG in 24.0%, and neutralization against Wu01, BA.4/5 and BQ.1.1 in 94.4%, 85.0%, and 73.8% of participants, respectively. Neutralization against BA.4/5 and BQ.1.1 was 5.6- and 23.4-fold lower compared to Wu01. Accuracy of S-IgG detection for determination of neutralizing activity against BQ.1.1 was reduced substantially. We explored previous vaccinations and infections as correlates of BQ.1.1 neutralization using multivariable and Bayesian network analyses. Given a rather moderate adherence to COVID-19 vaccination recommendations, this analysis highlights the need to improve vaccine-uptake to reduce the COVID-19 risk of immune evasive variants. The study was registered as clinical trial (DRKS00029414).

Funder

Ministry for work, health, and social affairs of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

General Physics and Astronomy,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Chemistry,Multidisciplinary

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