SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 are transmitted through the air between ferrets over more than one meter distance

Author:

Kutter Jasmin S.,de Meulder Dennis,Bestebroer Theo M.,Lexmond Pascal,Mulders Ard,Richard MathildeORCID,Fouchier Ron A. M.ORCID,Herfst SanderORCID

Abstract

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 emerged in late 2019 and caused a pandemic, whereas the closely related SARS-CoV was contained rapidly in 2003. Here, an experimental set-up is used to study transmission of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 through the air between ferrets over more than a meter distance. Both viruses cause a robust productive respiratory tract infection resulting in transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to two of four indirect recipient ferrets and SARS-CoV to all four. A control pandemic A/H1N1 influenza virus also transmits efficiently. Serological assays confirm all virus transmission events. Although the experiments do not discriminate between transmission via small aerosols, large droplets and fomites, these results demonstrate that SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 can remain infectious while traveling through the air. Efficient virus transmission between ferrets is in agreement with frequent SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in mink farms. Although the evidence for virus transmission via the air between humans under natural conditions is absent or weak for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, ferrets may represent a sensitive model to study interventions aimed at preventing virus transmission.

Funder

U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek

EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

General Physics and Astronomy,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Chemistry

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