Amyloid-β aggregates activate peripheral monocytes in mild cognitive impairment

Author:

Juul-Madsen KristianORCID,Parbo PeterORCID,Ismail Rola,Ovesen Peter L.,Schmidt Vanessa,Madsen Lasse S.ORCID,Thyrsted Jacob,Gierl Sarah,Breum Mihaela,Larsen Agnete,Andersen Morten N.ORCID,Romero-Ramos MarinaORCID,Holm Christian K.ORCID,Andersen Gregers R.ORCID,Zhao HuayingORCID,Schuck PeterORCID,Nygaard Jens V.ORCID,Sutherland Duncan S.ORCID,Eskildsen Simon F.ORCID,Willnow Thomas E.,Brooks David J.,Vorup-Jensen ThomasORCID

Abstract

AbstractThe peripheral immune system is important in neurodegenerative diseases, both in protecting and inflaming the brain, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Alzheimer’s Disease is commonly preceded by a prodromal period. Here, we report the presence of large Aβ aggregates in plasma from patients with mild cognitive impairment (n = 38). The aggregates are associated with low level Alzheimer’s Disease-like brain pathology as observed by 11C-PiB PET and 18F-FTP PET and lowered CD18-rich monocytes. We characterize complement receptor 4 as a strong binder of amyloids and show Aβ aggregates are preferentially phagocytosed and stimulate lysosomal activity through this receptor in stem cell-derived microglia. KIM127 integrin activation in monocytes promotes size selective phagocytosis of Aβ. Hydrodynamic calculations suggest Aβ aggregates associate with vessel walls of the cortical capillaries. In turn, we hypothesize aggregates may provide an adhesion substrate for recruiting CD18-rich monocytes into the cortex. Our results support a role for complement receptor 4 in regulating amyloid homeostasis.

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

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