A fast-acting lipid checkpoint in G1 prevents mitotic defects

Author:

Köberlin Marielle S.ORCID,Fan Yilin,Liu ChadORCID,Chung Mingyu,Pinto Antonio F. M.,Jackson Peter K.,Saghatelian Alan,Meyer TobiasORCID

Abstract

AbstractLipid synthesis increases during the cell cycle to ensure sufficient membrane mass, but how insufficient synthesis restricts cell-cycle entry is not understood. Here, we identify a lipid checkpoint in G1 phase of the mammalian cell cycle by using live single-cell imaging, lipidome, and transcriptome analysis of a non-transformed cell. We show that synthesis of fatty acids in G1 not only increases lipid mass but extensively shifts the lipid composition to unsaturated phospholipids and neutral lipids. Strikingly, acute lowering of lipid synthesis rapidly activates the PERK/ATF4 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway that blocks cell-cycle entry by increasing p21 levels, decreasing Cyclin D levels, and suppressing Retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation. Together, our study identifies a rapid anticipatory ER lipid checkpoint in G1 that prevents cells from starting the cell cycle as long as lipid synthesis is low, thereby preventing mitotic defects, which are triggered by low lipid synthesis much later in mitosis.

Funder

U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

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