Early biological markers of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection
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Published:2024-08-29
Issue:1
Volume:15
Page:
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ISSN:2041-1723
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Container-title:Nature Communications
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Nat Commun
Author:
Lu Scott, Peluso Michael J.ORCID, Glidden David V., Davidson Michelle C.ORCID, Lugtu Kara, Pineda-Ramirez Jesus, Tassetto Michel, Garcia-Knight Miguel, Zhang Amethyst, Goldberg Sarah A.ORCID, Chen Jessica Y.ORCID, Fortes-Cobby Maya, Park Sara, Martinez Ana, So Matthew, Donovan Aidan, Viswanathan BadriORCID, Hoh Rebecca, Donohue KevinORCID, McIlwain David R., Gaudiliere BriceORCID, Anglin Khamal, Yee Brandon C.ORCID, Chenna Ahmed, Winslow John W., Petropoulos Christos J.ORCID, Deeks Steven G.ORCID, Briggs-Hagen Melissa, Andino RaulORCID, Midgley Claire M.ORCID, Martin Jeffrey N.ORCID, Saydah SharonORCID, Kelly J. DanielORCID
Abstract
AbstractTo understand the roles of acute-phase viral dynamics and host immune responses in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), we enrolled 136 participants within 5 days of their first positive SARS-CoV-2 real-time PCR test. Participants self-collected up to 21 nasal specimens within the first 28 days post-symptom onset; interviewer-administered questionnaires and blood samples were collected at enrollment, days 9, 14, 21, 28, and month 4 and 8 post-symptom onset. Defining PASC as the presence of any COVID-associated symptom at their 4-month visit, we compared viral markers (quantity and duration of nasal viral RNA load, infectious viral load, and plasma N-antigen level) and host immune markers (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-γ, MCP, IP-10, and Spike IgG) over the acute period. Compared to those who fully recovered, those reporting PASC demonstrated significantly higher maximum levels of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and N-antigen, burden of RNA and infectious viral shedding, and lower Spike-specific IgG levels within 9 days post-illness onset. No significant differences were identified among a panel of host immune markers. Our results suggest early viral dynamics and the associated host immune responses play a role in the pathogenesis of PASC, highlighting the importance of understanding early biological markers in the natural history of PASC.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
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