Early biological markers of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Author:

Lu Scott,Peluso Michael J.ORCID,Glidden David V.,Davidson Michelle C.ORCID,Lugtu Kara,Pineda-Ramirez Jesus,Tassetto Michel,Garcia-Knight Miguel,Zhang Amethyst,Goldberg Sarah A.ORCID,Chen Jessica Y.ORCID,Fortes-Cobby Maya,Park Sara,Martinez Ana,So Matthew,Donovan Aidan,Viswanathan BadriORCID,Hoh Rebecca,Donohue KevinORCID,McIlwain David R.,Gaudiliere BriceORCID,Anglin Khamal,Yee Brandon C.ORCID,Chenna Ahmed,Winslow John W.,Petropoulos Christos J.ORCID,Deeks Steven G.ORCID,Briggs-Hagen Melissa,Andino RaulORCID,Midgley Claire M.ORCID,Martin Jeffrey N.ORCID,Saydah SharonORCID,Kelly J. DanielORCID

Abstract

AbstractTo understand the roles of acute-phase viral dynamics and host immune responses in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), we enrolled 136 participants within 5 days of their first positive SARS-CoV-2 real-time PCR test. Participants self-collected up to 21 nasal specimens within the first 28 days post-symptom onset; interviewer-administered questionnaires and blood samples were collected at enrollment, days 9, 14, 21, 28, and month 4 and 8 post-symptom onset. Defining PASC as the presence of any COVID-associated symptom at their 4-month visit, we compared viral markers (quantity and duration of nasal viral RNA load, infectious viral load, and plasma N-antigen level) and host immune markers (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-γ, MCP, IP-10, and Spike IgG) over the acute period. Compared to those who fully recovered, those reporting PASC demonstrated significantly higher maximum levels of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and N-antigen, burden of RNA and infectious viral shedding, and lower Spike-specific IgG levels within 9 days post-illness onset. No significant differences were identified among a panel of host immune markers. Our results suggest early viral dynamics and the associated host immune responses play a role in the pathogenesis of PASC, highlighting the importance of understanding early biological markers in the natural history of PASC.

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

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