Abstract
AbstractPrevious researches have demonstrated the meaning of CTSB for the progress of several tumors, whereas few clues about its immunological characteristic in gliomas. Here we systematically explored its biologic features and clinical significance for gliomas. 699 glioma cases of TCGA and 325 glioma cases of CGGA were respectively included as training and validating cohorts. R software was used for data analysis and mapping. We found that CTSB was remarkably highly-expressed for HGG, IDH wild type, 1p19q non-codeletion type, MGMT promoter unmethylation type and mesenchymal gliomas. CTSB could specifically and sensitively indicate mesenchymal glioma. Upregulated CTSB was an independent hazard correlated with poor survival. CTSB-related biological processes in gliomas chiefly concentrated on immunoreaction and inflammation response. Then we proved that CTSB positively related to most inflammatory metagenes except IgG, including HCK, LCK, MHC II, STAT1 and IFN. More importantly, the levels of glioma-infiltrating immune cells were positively associated with the expression of CTSB, especially for TAMs, MDSCs and Tregs. In conclusion, CTSB is closely related to the malignant pathological subtypes, worse prognosis, immune cells infiltration and immunosuppression of gliomas, which make it a promising biomarker and potential target in the diagnosis, treatment and prognostic assessment of gliomas.
Funder
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
Beijing Natural Science Foundation
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Peking University Clinical Scientist Program
Key Clinical Projects of Peking University Third Hospital
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Reference67 articles.
1. Ostrom, Q. T. et al. CBTRUS statistical report: Primary brain and other central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2013–2017. Neuro Oncol. 22, iv1–iv96 (2020).
2. Nabors, L. B. et al. Central nervous system cancers, Version 3.2020, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. J. Natl. Compr. Cancer Netw. 18, 1537–1570(2020).
3. Xu, S., Tang, L., Li, X., Fan, F. & Liu, Z. Immunotherapy for glioma: Current management and future application. Cancer Lett. 476, 1–12 (2020).
4. Tan, A. C. et al. Management of glioblastoma: State of the art and future directions. CA Cancer J. Clin. 70, 299–312 (2020).
5. Ma, K. et al. ANXA2 is correlated with the molecular features and clinical prognosis of glioma, and acts as a potential marker of immunosuppression. Sci. Rep. 11, 20839 (2021).