1. Mostafa-Bozorgi, S. & Yazdani, S. IWOA: An improved whale optimization algorithm for optimization problems. J. Comput. Des. Eng. 6, 243–259 (2019).
2. Kennedy, J. Particle swarm optimization. In Proc. 1995 IEEE Int. Conf. Neural Networks, (Perth, Aust. Nov. 27-Dec), vol. 4 1942–1948 (2011).
3. Wang, D., Tan, D. & Liu, L. Particle swarm optimization algorithm: An overview. Soft Comput. 22, 387–408 (2018).
4. Goldberg, D. E. Genetic Algorithm in Search, Optimization, and Machine Learning (Genetic Algorithms in Search Optimization and Machine Learning, 1989).
5. Dorigo, M. & Birattari, M. Ant Colony Optimization (Encyclopedia of Machine Learning, 2011).