Preyssler-type phosphotungstate is a new family of negative-staining reagents for the TEM observation of viruses

Author:

Sahiro Koichi,Kawato Yasuhiko,Koike Kanae,Sano Tsuneji,Nakai Toshihiro,Sadakane Masahiro

Abstract

AbstractTransmission electron microscopy (TEM) is an essential method in virology because it allows for direct visualization of virus morphology at a nanometer scale. Negative staining to coat virions with heavy metal ions must be performed before TEM observations to achieve sufficient contrast. Herein, we report that potassium salts of Preyssler-type phosphotungstates (K(15-n)[P5W30O110Mn+], M = Na+, Ca2+, Ce3+, Eu3+, Bi3+, or Y3+) are high-performance negative staining reagents. Additionally, we compare the staining abilities of these salts to those of uranyl acetate and Keggin-type phosphotungstate. The potassium salt of Preyssler-type phosphotungstates has the advantage of not requiring prior neutralization because it is a neutral compound. Moreover, the potassium counter-cation can be protonated by a reaction with H+-resin, allowing easy exchange of protons with other cations by acid–base reaction. Therefore, the counter-cations can be changed. Encapsulated cations can also be exchanged, and clear TEM images were obtained using Preyssler-type compounds with different encapsulated cations. Preyssler-type phosphotungstates may be superior negative staining reagents for observing virus. Polyoxotungstates (tungsten-oxide molecules with diverse molecular structures and properties) are thus promising tools to develop negative staining reagents for TEM observations.

Funder

Hiroshima University

Japan Science and Technology Agency

Furukawa Foundation

Catalysis Research Center of Hokkaido University

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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