Author:
Suwajanakorn Orathai,Puangsricharern Vilavun,Kittipibul Thanachaporn,Chatsuwan Tanittha
Abstract
AbstractThis cross-sectional, age- and gender-matched study included 20 eyes of non-diabetic subjects (non-DM group) and 60 eyes of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM group). Subgroups of DM were classified by diabetic retinopathy (DR) staging into no DR (DM-no DR), non-proliferative DR (DM-NPDR), proliferative DR (DM-PDR), and by glycemic control (well-controlled DM; HbA1c < 7%, poorly controlled DM; HbA1c ≥ 7%). Conjunctival swabs were performed for ocular surface microbiome analysis using conventional culture and next-generation sequencing analysis (NGS). A higher culture-positive rate was found in DM (15%) than in non-DM group (5%) (p value = 0.437). Pathogenic organisms and antibiotic-resistant strains were detected in the DR groups (DM-NPDR and DM-PDR). The NGS analysis showed that potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae, Neisseriaceae, Escherichia-Shigella, and Pseudomonas predominated in DM, especially in DR. There was dissimilarity in the ocular surface microbiome between DM and non-DM groups. The subgroup analysis showed that the DR group had significantly different microbial community from DM-no DR and non-DM groups (p value < 0.05). The microbial community in the poorly controlled DM was also significantly different from well-controlled DM and non-DM groups (p < 0.001). Using the NGS method, our study is the first to signify the importance of DR and glycemic control status, which affect the changes in the ocular surface microbiome.
Funder
the Ratchadapisek Sompoch Endowment Fund, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University
the 90th anniversary of Chulalongkorn University Fund
H.M. the King Bhumibol Adulyadej’s 72nd Birthday Anniversary Scholarship
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Cited by
8 articles.
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