Author:
Shaw Jane Alexandra,Meiring Maynard,Allies Devon,Cruywagen Lauren,Fisher Tarryn-Lee,Kasavan Kesheera,Roos Kelly,Botha Stefan Marc,MacDonald Candice,Hiemstra Andriёtte M.,Simon Donald,van Rensburg Ilana,Flinn Marika,Shabangu Ayanda,Kuivaniemi Helena,Tromp Gerard,Malherbe Stephanus T.,Walzl Gerhard,du Plessis Nelita,Nemes Elisa,Kleynhans Léanie,McAnda Shirley,Kruger Charlene,Richardson Tracey,Noor Firdows,Benting Lauren,Mtala Nosipho,Storm Robin-Lee,Persence Gertrude,Molima Elsabe,Chetram Alicia,Stanley Kim,Lewinsohn David M.,Lewinsohn Deborah A.,Urdahl Kevin B.,Schurr Erwin,Orlova Marianna,Boom W. Henry,Fortune Sarah,
Abstract
AbstractBronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is becoming a common procedure for research into infectious disease immunology. Little is known about the clinical factors which influence the main outcomes of the procedure. In research participants who underwent BAL according to guidelines, the BAL volume yield, and cell yield, concentration, viability, pellet colour and differential count were analysed for association with important participant characteristics such as active tuberculosis (TB) disease, TB exposure, HIV infection and recent SARS-CoV-2 infection. In 337 participants, BAL volume and BAL cell count were correlated in those with active TB disease, and current smokers. The right middle lobe yielded the highest volume. BAL cell and volume yields were lower in older participants, who also had more neutrophils. Current smokers yielded lower volumes and higher numbers of all cell types, and usually had a black pellet. Active TB disease was associated with higher cell yields, but this declined at the end of treatment. HIV infection was associated with more bloody pellets, and recent SARS-CoV-2 infection with a higher proportion of lymphocytes. These results allow researchers to optimise their participant and end assay selection for projects involving lung immune cells.
Funder
South African Medical Research Council
European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, United States
South African National Research Foundation
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC