Author:
Alderdice Rachel,Perna Gabriela,Cárdenas Anny,Hume Benjamin C. C.,Wolf Martin,Kühl Michael,Pernice Mathieu,Suggett David J.,Voolstra Christian R.
Abstract
AbstractExposure to deoxygenation from climate warming and pollution is emerging as a contributing factor of coral bleaching and mortality. However, the combined effects of heating and deoxygenation on bleaching susceptibility remain unknown. Here, we employed short-term thermal stress assays to show that deoxygenated seawater can lower the thermal limit of anAcroporacoral by as much as 1 °C or 0.4 °C based on bleaching index scores or dark-acclimated photosynthetic efficiencies, respectively. Using RNA-Seq, we show similar stress responses to heat with and without deoxygenated seawater, both activating putative key genes of the hypoxia-inducible factor response system indicative of cellular hypoxia. We also detect distinct deoxygenation responses, including a disruption of O2-dependent photo-reception/-protection, redox status, and activation of an immune response prior to the onset of bleaching. Thus, corals are even more vulnerable when faced with heat stress in deoxygenated waters. This highlights the need to integrate dissolved O2measurements into global monitoring programs of coral reefs.
Funder
Australian Research Council
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Universität Konstanz
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Cited by
16 articles.
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