Author:
Borreguero Jose,Galve Fernando,Algarín José M.,Benlloch José M.,Alonso Joseba
Abstract
AbstractMagnetic Resonance Imaging of hard biological tissues is very challenging due to small proton abundance and ultra-short $$T_2$$
T
2
decay times, especially at low magnetic fields, where sample magnetization is weak. While several pulse sequences, such as Ultra-short Echo Time (UTE), Zero Echo Time (ZTE) and SWeep Imaging with Fourier Transformation (SWIFT), have been developed to cope with ultra-short lived MR signals, only the latter two hold promise of imaging tissues with sub-millisecond $$T_2$$
T
2
times at low fields. All these sequences are intrinsically volumetric, thus 3D, because standard slice selection using a long soft radio-frequency pulse is incompatible with ultra-short lived signals. The exception is UTE, where double half pulses can perform slice selection, although at the cost of doubling the acquisition time. Here we demonstrate that spin-locking is a versatile and robust method for slice selection for ultra-short lived signals, and present three ways of combining this pulse sequence with ZTE imaging of the selected slice. With these tools, we demonstrate slice-selected 2D ex vivo imaging of the hardest tissues in the body at low field (260 mT) within clinically acceptable times.
Funder
Innodocto program of the Agencia Valenciana de la Innovación
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spain
European Union through the Programa Operativo del Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) of the Comunitat Valenciana
Generalitat Valenciana
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
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