Author:
Sainz Raquel,del Pozo María,Vilas-Varela Manuel,Castro-Esteban Jesús,Pérez Corral María,Vázquez Luis,Blanco Elías,Peña Diego,Martín-Gago José A.,Ellis Gary J.,Petit-Domínguez María Dolores,Quintana Carmen,Casero Elena
Abstract
AbstractWe employ chevron-like graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) synthesized by a solution-based chemical route to develop a novel electrochemical sensor for determination of the neurotransmitter epinephrine (EPI). The sensor surface, a glassy carbon electrode modified with GNRs, is characterized by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, which show that the electrode surface modification comprises of bi-dimensional multilayer-stacked GNRs that retain their molecular structure. The charge transfer process occurring at the electrode interface is evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The sensor is applied to the determination of EPI, employing as an analytical signal the reduction peak corresponding to the epinephrinechrome–leucoepinephrinechrome transition (E = − 0.25 V) instead of the oxidation peak usually employed in the literature (E = + 0.6 V) in order to minimize interferences. The results obtained demonstrate that chevron-like nanoribbons synthesized by solution methods exhibit reliable electrocatalytic activity for EPI determination. Using differential pulse voltammetry, we obtain a linear concentration range from 6.4 × 10–6 to 1.0 × 10–4 M and a detection limit of 2.1 × 10–6 M. The applicability of the sensor was evaluated by determining EPI in pharmaceutical samples with satisfactory results.
Funder
Comunidad de Madrid
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
Xunta de Galicia
European Regional Development Fund
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Cited by
38 articles.
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