Epidemiology of 7375 children and adolescents hospitalized with COVID-19 in Germany, reported via a prospective, nationwide surveillance study in 2020

Epidemiology of 7375 children and adolescents hospitalized with COVID-19 in Germany, reported via a prospective, nationwide surveillance study in 2020–2022

Published:2024-01-02 Issue:1 Volume:14 Page:
ISSN:2045-2322
Container-title:Scientific Reports
language:en
Short-container-title:Sci Rep

Author:

Doenhardt Maren,Hufnagel Markus,Diffloth Natalie,Hübner Johannes,Mauer René,Schneider Dominik T.,Simon Arne,Tenenbaum Tobias,Trotter Andreas,Armann Jakob,Berner Reinhard,Abuleed Aischa,Achenbach Michal,Adamiak-Brych Grazyna,Aderhold Martina,Akanbi Sandra,Akmeinasi Madaa,Albers Norbert,Ammann-Schnell Louisa,Anders Kristin,Andree Theresa,Anhalt Judith,Apel Nils,Arens Stefan,Aring Christoph,Armbruster Caroline,Arnold Inken,Austgen Thomas,Bachmat Igor,Balles Lena,Baltaci Arne,Baranowski Theresa,Barth Sylvia,Barth Stefan,Castrillón María Paula Bateman,Baumann Susanne,Baumbach Lisa,Becker Boris,Beer Angelina,Beier Gerald,Bell Christiane,Bellou Antigoni,Bentz Stephanie,Berens Josephine,Berger Elisabeth,Berzel Simon,Bley Julia,Blumberg Helga,Blume Stefanie,Böckenholt Kai,Böckmann Andreas,Bode Sebastian,Boever Julie,Böhm Leonie,Böhme Henning,Bölke Carsten,Borchers Monika-Maria,Bosse Hans Martin,Böswald Michael,Botschen Katharina,Böttger Franka,Braun Sandra,Brenner Britta,Brinkmann Folke,Bruggmoser Beate,Brunner Jürgen,Bucher Florian L.,Buchtala Laura,Budde Jörg,Bullmann Reinhard,Bungert Bernhard,Büsdorf Dorothea,Cardellini Lisa,Cattaneo Chiara,Chao Cho-Ming,Chaparro Laura,Christians Claus,Cremer Kerstin,Cvetanovic Gordana,Czwienzek Alina,Daluwatta Madura,de Sousa Gideon,Degirmenci Metin,Dejas Fenja,Deutschmann Janne,Deutz Ute,Dobrianska Iryna,Döhring Katharina,Donath Helena,Dresen Arne,Dreßen Svenja,Drozdek Melissa,Dubenhorst Jens,Dunker Max,Eberhardt Heinrich,Ebert Franziska,Echelmeyer Hannah,Ehrentraut Kerstin,Ehrsam Christoph,Eichelmann Thea Angelika,Ellmann Hanna,Endmann Matthias,Endres Stefanie,Endres Elisa,Engler Matthias,Engler Denise,Eppler David,Erbe Oxana,Erdmann Michael,Esser Annika,Ewest Stephan,Falderbaum Philipp,Faßbender Lena,Ferber Simone,Fiedler Andreas,Fischer Magdalena,Fischer Doris,Fischer-Ging Elisabeth,Fischer-Schmidt Isabel,Fleischer Ann-Sophie,Flümann Simon,Focke Denise,Foth Svenja,Fövényesi Réka,Frank Svenja,Fremerey Christian,Frenzke Holger,Freudenberg Peter,Freudenhammer Mirjam,Fritsch Christina,Frohn Stefanie,Fuhrmann Sylvia,Pavlíková Veronika Galajda,Galow Lukas,Gappa Monika,Gärtner Sabine,Gaspar Hanga,Geerken Swen,Gehm Julia,Gehrlein Fabienne,Geier Norbert,Geißlreiter Bernd,Geltinger Martin,Gerlach Marieke,Gerleve Hubert,Germann Carl,Giesen Verena,Girrbach Anna,Glas Katharina,Goetz Lena,Goj Karoline,Goldhardt Christin,Gottschalk Julia,Gottschlich Jan-Felix,Götz Oliver,Gröger Katrin,Gronwald Sina,Lordemann Anja Große,Grotheer Anneke,Gruber Kathrin,Grüner Judith,Grünwedel Mike,Gu Lisa,Gummersbach Joya,Haag Stephan,Haag Silke,Hagel Yasmin,Hagemann Swantje,Hainmann Ina,Halwas Nikolaus,Hanke Christof,Härtner Jonas,Haselier Caroline,Haupt Anne,Heffels Marie- Kristin,Heidtmann Solvej,Heimer Anna-Lena,Heinrich Christina,Heinrich Annika,Hempel Lutz,Hempel Christoph,Hennig Silke,Herbst Carolin,Herholz Leonie,Hermann Matthias,Hermens Jan-Simon,Hertel Marc,Herzog Matthias,Heubner Georg,Hildebrandt Julia,Hilker Kai-Alexandra,Hillebrand Georg,Himpel Matthias,Hirschhausen Claudia,Höfer Meike,Hoffmann Liane,Hoffmann Hans-Georg,Höfgen Mirjam,Hofknecht Nina,Hofmann Anja,Hofmann Franziska,Holtkamp Katharina,Holzinger Mona,Homburg Anneke,Hoppen Thomas,Horst Theresa,Horváth Andor Attila,Hummler Markus,Hundsdörfer Patrick,Hüseman Dieter,Huster Conny,Ido Nora,Ioannou Phryne,Jedwilayties Simone,Jonas Nils,Junge Cornelia,Junghanns Linda,Kádár Attila,Kaddour Mohammad,Kahlenberg Lea,Kaiser Lukas,Kaiser-Labusch Petra,Kalhoff Hermann,Kaltenhauser Carola,Kaluza Elke,Kamin Wolfgang,Kanann Cecil Varna,Kania Marcus,Kannan Cecil Varna,Kanneettukandathil Subha,Karpinski Hendrik,Kassbeger Fabian,Kauertz Katja,Kavvalou Alexandra,Kelzon Svetlana,Kern Immo,Kernen Elisabeth,Kersten Mandy,Keßner Marie-Sophie,Kever Daniel,Khakzar Carolin,Kim Johanna,Kirner Linda,Kirschstein Martin,Kiss Natalie,Kitz Richard,Kleff Christine,Klein Deborah,Klingel Leah Bernadette,Kluthe Christof,Knechtel Jan,Kneißle Marcel,Knirsch Felix,Kobbe Robin,Köbsch Annemarie,Kohlen Luisa,Kohlhauser-Vollmuth Christina,Vasconcelos Malte Kohns,Königs Anne,Konrad Florian,Koop Sabrina,Kopka Julia,Kornherr Vanessa,Kortenbusch Anna-Lena,Kosteczka Robert,Köster Holger,Kowski Sascha,Kravets Hanna,Krink Ewa,Krogh Maren,Kuglin Rebecca,Kühl Reinhard,Kuhlmann Alena,Küpper-Tetzel Lea Maria,Kuska Marion,Kwaschnowitz Sachiko,Lange Martina,Lankes Franziska,Laubenbacher Julia,Lautner Gerrit,Le Thanh Tung,Leykamm Verena,Libuschewski Hanna,Lichtenstein Lissy,Lienert Nadine,Liese Johannes,Lieser Ulla,Lindl Ilona,Lindner Torben,Lischetzki Grischa,Lohr Matthias,Lorenz Norbert,Lorenzen Niko,Löwe Meike,Lubitz Daniela,Lueg Maria,Luft Lisa,Luo Sa,Lwowsky Dominik,Machon Kathrin,Magin Katharina,Maiberger Thomas,Mand Nadine,Markowsky Andrea,Maurer Wiebke,Mauritz Maximilian,Meinhold Theresa,Meister Jochen,Menden Melanie,Messer Veronika,Meyburg Jochen,Meyer Ulf,Meyer Meike,Meyer Jens,Meyer-Dobkowitz Lars,Michel Peter,Mohorovicic Marko,Moise Laura Gabriela,Mönch Katharina,Monnheimer Mathieu,Morawski Yvonne,Morgenbrod Anja,Moritz Katrin,Muhmann David,Müksch Barbara,Müller Stefanie,Müller Celina,Müller Annemarie,Müller Viola,Müller Yvonne,Müller Guido,Müller-Franz Kathleen,Naehrlich Lutz,Naghed Katharina,Näther Nicole,Nespor Tereza,Neuhierl Tatjana,Neukamm Ann-Cathrine,Nguyen Nam,Nielsen Dirk,Niethammer Klaus,Obernosterer Lydia,Opgen-Rhein Bernd,Östreicher Iris,Özdemir Esra,Paduraru-Stoian Nadejda,Palm Monique,Parigger Laura,Pellmann Nina,Pelster Theresa,Pengu Ardina,Pentek Falk,Petrasch Maurice,Pfennigs Antonia Maximina,Pfisterer Aaron,Pfülb Anne,Piehler Lisa,Pindur Ursula,Pingel Markus,Pitsikoulis Eva,Plutowski Jana,Poot Wendy,Poralla Silvia,Pottiez Johanna,Pötzsch Simone,Pretzel Pablo,Preuß Clarissa,Propson Sven,Puhachova Kateryna,Pütz Daniela,Quadri-Niazi Samina,Queisser Bernhard,Rambow Jennifer,Rau Gunnar,Rau Cornelius,Raum Jacqueline,Reck Heike,Rehmann Victoria,Reichert Friedrich,Reinhardt Thomas,Remy Carla,Renk Hanna,Richard Annika,Richter Carolin,Rieber Nikolaus,Riedhammer Sebastian,Ringe Hannelore,Rippberger Bianca,Rohrbach Moritz,Rokonal Bettina,Rötger Caroline,Rothermel Anne,Rox Ricarda,Rühlmann Alexander,Ryckmanns Marie-Cecile,Safarova Shahane,Salem Meila,Sarial Demet,Sartor Helena,Saxe Johanna,Schade Herbert,Schäfer Miriam,Scheffler Cecilia,Scheffler Lena Brigitte,Scheiermann Marija,Schiele Sandra,Schierloh Katja,Schiller Markus,Schiller Benjamin,Schilling Ruth,Schitke Christof,Schlabach Christian,Schlichting Theresa,Schlick Christian,Schlingschröder Christina,Schmid Florian,Schmidt Bastian,Schneider Josephine,Schneider Dominik,Schneider Hans-Christoph,Schnelke Alexander,Schobeß Axel,Schrod Lothar,Schröder Arne,Schröder Sophia,Schug Theresia,Schulze Christopher,Schuster Katharina,Schütz Katharina,Schwägerl Valeria,Seidel Christoffer,Seidel Christina,Seidel Sabrina,Seidel Josephin,Seringhaus-Förster Katrin,Setzer Armin,Seul Ralf,Shabanah Wael,Shamdeen M. Ghiath,Sigl Sebastian,Simon Isabel,Solomou Christina,Sönmez Ezgi,Spath Lisa,Spehl Marco,Stanjek Thomas,Staude Daniel,Steenblock Janina,Stehle Sandro,Steidl Michael,Steif Benedikt,Stein Detlef,Stein Franziska,Steindor Mathis,Stemberg Frank,Stephan Susanne,Stienen Astrid,Stockmann Antje,Strier Ursula,Ströle Heidi,Szudarek Roman,Ta Van Hop,Tan Kader,Telaar Rebecca,Telschow Anna,Teufel Lisa,Thein Stephanie,Thiel Lion Gabriel,Thiesing Lisa,Thomas Linda,Thomas Julian,Timke Christian,Toni Irmgard,Topuz Melcan,Trau Stefanie,Tschiedel Eva,Tzimou Sinty,Uhlemann Felix,Uhlig Torsten,Ulla Lieser,Urgatz Bartholomäus,Salis Nicolaus v.,Soldenhoff Sascha v.,van Bahlen Louisa,van den Heuvel Alijda Ingeborg,Vehse Kai,Veit Rebecca,Verleysdonk Joshua,Viechtbauer Andreas,Vieth Simon,Vogel Markus,von Blomberg Sophia,von der Decken Kira,von Schnakenburg Christian,Wagner Julia,Wahjudi Tatjana,Waldecker Karin,Walden Ulrike,Walther Ulrike,Walther Mona,Wegendt Christine,Wehl Götz,Weichert Stefan,Weiland Judith Anne,Weiß Julia,Wendt Laura,Wentzel Vera,Wersal Cornelia,Wetzel Ulrike,Wichmann Barbara,Wickert Katharina,Wieland Sandra,Wiethoff Christiane Maria,Wietz Hanna,Wild Florian,Willing Rainer,Windischmann Christian,Winkeler Verena,Winkelmann Merle,Winkler Sascha,Wißlicen Laura,Wormit-Frenzel Isabel,Wowra Tobias,Wroblewski Andreas,Wulf Dominik,Wurm Donald,Zaddach Malin,Zahn Julia,Zbieranek Kai,Zehnder Lara-Sophie,Zeller Anne,Zellerhoff Martin,Zerlik Katharina,Zimmermann Johanna,Zimolová Mária,Zügge Ulrich,

Abstract

AbstractBy means of a nationwide, prospective, multicenter, observational cohort registry collecting data on 7375 patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 admitted to children's hospitals in Germany, March 2020–November 2022, our study assessed the clinical features of children and adolescents hospitalized due to SARS-CoV-2, evaluated which of these patients might be at highest risk for severe COVID-19, and identified underlying risk factors. Outcomes tracked included: symptomatic infection, case fatality, sequelae at discharge and severe disease. Among reported cases, median age was one year, with 42% being infants. Half were admitted for reasons other than SARS-CoV-2. In 27%, preexisting comorbidities were present, most frequently obesity, neurological/neuromuscular disorders, premature birth, and respiratory, cardiovascular or gastrointestinal diseases. 3.0% of cases were admitted to ICU, but ICU admission rates varied as different SARS-CoV-2 variants gained prevalence. Main risk factors linked to ICU admission due to COVID-19 were: patient age (> 12 and 1–4 years old), obesity, neurological/neuromuscular diseases, Trisomy 21 or other genetic syndromes, and coinfections at time of hospitalization. With Omicron, the group at highest risk shifted to 1–4-year-olds. For both health care providers and the general public, understanding risk factors for severe disease is critical to informing decisions about risk-reduction measures, including vaccination and masking guidelines.

Funder

Technische Universität Dresden

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Link

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-49210-1.pdf

Reference22 articles.

1. Li, J. et al. Epidemiology of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes. J. Med. Virol. 93, 1449–1458. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26424 (2021).

2. Sorg, A.-L. et al. Risk for severe outcomes of COVID-19 and PIMS-TS in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Germany. Eur. J. Pediatrics https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-022-04587-5 (2022).

3. DGPI: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Infektiologie. Ergebnisse des COVID-19-Surveys (01.01.2020–30.11.2022). https://dgpi.de/covid-19-survey-update/ (2023).

4. Harris, P. A. et al. The REDCap consortium: Building an international community of software platform partners. J. Biomed. Inform. 95, 103208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103208 (2019).

5. Harris, P. A. et al. Research electronic data capture (REDCap)—a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J. Biomed. Inform. 42, 377–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010 (2009).