Abstract
AbstractIn the presented work, a series of asymmetric dicationic ionic liquids (ADILs) with different alkyl chain length spacer between the two cation nuclei (imidazolium and pyridinium) with chlorine halide anion was designed, synthesized with excellent yield (89, 90 and 88%) and well characterized via different tools of analysis (FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis; TGA). The synthesized ADILs were examined for potential esterification as recyclable catalysts including the activity of catalytic performance, the reaction conditions justifying. The noted resulted data indicated that the butyric acid was converted perfectly into ester in presence of ADILs with short time of reaction. By completing our studies through the effect of chemical structures, concentrations, time and temperatures, we found that the synthesized Py-6-Imi exhibit the best catalytic performance with 96% as conversion value after 20 min at the ambient temperature (25 °C). The synthesized ADILs also recovered and reused for minimum three rounds without any significant reduction in the catalytic performance. Totally, the usage of ADILs in the esterification process offers lots of benefits such as perfect yield, quick time and environmentally friendly characteristics which make them the optimum sustainable compounds to be achieved in variety of industrial applications.
Funder
Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Reference37 articles.
1. Wang, X. et al. Swelling acidic poly(ionic liquid)s as efficient catalysts for the esterification of cyclohexene and formic acid. Green Energy Env. 5, 138–146 (2020).
2. Ren, S., Hou, Y., Zhang, K. & Wu, W. Ionic liquids: Functionalization and absorption of SO2. Green Energy Env. 3, 179–190 (2018).
3. El-Nagar, R. A., Ghanem, A. A. & Nessim, M. I. Capture of CO2 from natural gas using ionic liquids. Shale gas—new aspects and technologies. IntechOpen 2, 83–99 (2018).
4. Zhu, M. et al. Preparation and characterization of PSSA/PVA catalytic membrane for biodiesel production. Fuel 89, 2299–2304 (2010).
5. Zhang, L., Li, Y. W., Liu, Q., Li, W. X. & Xing, W. H. Fabrication of ionic liquids-functionalized PVA catalytic composite membranes to enhance esterification by pervaporation. J. Membr. Sci. 584, 268–281 (2019).