Author:
Tonoike Akiko,Otaki Ken-ichi,Terauchi Go,Ogawa Misato,Katayama Maki,Sakata Hikari,Miyasako Fumina,Mogi Kazutaka,Kikusui Takefumi,Nagasawa Miho
Abstract
AbstractThe dog (Canis familiaris) was the first domesticated animal and hundreds of breeds exist today. During domestication, dogs experienced strong selection for temperament, behaviour, and cognitive ability. However, the genetic basis of these abilities is not well-understood. We focused on ancient dog breeds to investigate breed-related differences in social cognitive abilities. In a problem-solving task, ancient breeds showed a lower tendency to look back at humans than other European breeds. In a two-way object choice task, they showed no differences in correct response rate or ability to read human communicative gestures. We examined gene polymorphisms in oxytocin, oxytocin receptor, melanocortin 2 receptor, and a Williams–Beuren syndrome-related gene (WBSCR17), as candidate genes of dog domestication. The single-nucleotide polymorphisms on melanocortin 2 receptor were related to both tasks, while other polymorphisms were associated with the unsolvable task. This indicates that glucocorticoid functions are involved in the cognitive skills acquired during dog domestication.
Funder
MEXT-Supported Program for the Private University Research
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
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