Author:
Bandyopadhyay Sabyasachi,Dion Catherine,Libon David J.,Price Catherine,Tighe Patrick,Rashidi Parisa
Abstract
AbstractThe clock drawing test (CDT) is an inexpensive tool to screen for dementia. In this study, we examined if a variational autoencoder (VAE) with only two latent variables can capture and encode clock drawing anomalies from a large dataset of unannotated CDTs (n = 13,580) using self-supervised pre-training and use them to classify dementia CDTs (n = 18) from non-dementia CDTs (n = 20). The model was independently validated using a larger cohort consisting of 41 dementia and 50 non-dementia clocks. The classification model built with the parsimonious VAE latent space adequately classified dementia from non-dementia (0.78 area under receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) in the original test dataset and 0.77 AUROC in the secondary validation dataset). The VAE-identified atypical clock features were then reviewed by domain experts and compared with existing literature on clock drawing errors. This study shows that a very small number of latent variables are sufficient to encode important clock drawing anomalies that are predictive of dementia.
Funder
National Institute of Nursing Research
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
National Institutes of Health
National Institute on Aging
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
National Science Foundation
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
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