Abstract
AbstractWidespread application of carbendazim (CBZ) is a major environmental impact because of its residues that caused multi-organ dysfunction. Recently, Chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) are extensively used as nanocarriers due to their non-toxic and biodegradable nature. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the possible mechanistic pathway of modified CS-NPs to reduce the hepatic and nephrotoxicity of CBZ in rats. CS-NPs were synthesized by the ionic gelation method by using ascorbic acid instead of acetic acid to increase its antioxidant efficiency. Twenty-adult male Wistar rats were grouped (n = 5) as follows: Group (1) negative control, group (2) received CS-NPs, group (3) received CBZ, and group (4) co-administered CS-NPs with CBZ. Rats received the aforementioned materials daily by oral gavage for 28 days and weighed weekly. The results revealed that CBZ receiving group showed severe histopathological alterations in the liver and kidney sections including cellular necrosis and interstitial inflammation confirmed by immunostaining and showed marked immunopositivity of iNOS and caspase-3 protein. There were marked elevations in the serum levels of ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine with a significant increase in MDA levels and decrease in TAC levels. Upregulation of the Keap1 gene and down-regulation of Nrf2 and HO-1 genes were also observed. Co-treatment of rats by CS-NPs with CBZ markedly improved all the above-mentioned toxicological parameters and return liver and kidney tissues to normal histological architecture. We concluded that CBZ caused hepatorenal toxicity via oxidative stress and the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and CS-NPs could reduce CBZ toxicity via their antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Reference78 articles.
1. Singh, S., Kumar, V. & Wani, A. Toxicity, monitoring and biodegradation of the fungicide carbendazim. Environ. Chem. Lett. 14, 317–329 (2016).
2. Merel, S., Benzing, S., Gleiser, C., Di Napoli-Davis, G. & Zwiener, C. Occurrence and overlooked sources of the biocide carbendazim in wastewater and surface water. Environ. Pollut. 239, 512–521 (2018).
3. Owumi, S. E., Nowozo, S. O. & Najophe, E. S. Quercetin abates induction of hepaticand renal oxidative damage, inflammation, and apoptosis in carbendazim-treated rats. Toxicol. Res. Appl. 3, 1–8 (2019).
4. Liu, S., Yang, R., Chen, H. & Fu, Q. Residue and degradation of carbendazim in rice and soil. J. Agro-Environ. Sci. 31, 357–361 (2011).
5. Mohapatra, S. S. L. Residue level and dissipation of carbendazim in/on pomegranate fruits and soil. Environ. Monit. Assess. 188(7), 406. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-016-5404-2 (2016).
Cited by
14 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献