Validation study on light scattering changes in kiwifruit during postharvest storage using time-resolved transmittance spectroscopy

Abstract

AbstractVisible and near-infrared spectroscopy has been well studied for characterizing the organic compounds in fruit and vegetables from pre-harvest to late harvest. However, due to the challenge of decoupling of optical properties, the relationship between the collected samples’ spectral data and their properties, especially their mechanical properties (e.g., firmness, hardness, and resilience) is hard to understand. This study developed a time-resolved transmittance spectroscopic method to validate the light scattering changing characteristics in kiwifruit during shelf-life and in cold storage conditions. The experimental results demonstrated that the reduced scattering coefficient ($${\mu }_{s}^{\prime}$$ μ s ′ ) of 846 nm inside kiwifruit decreased steadily during postharvest storage and is more evident under shelf-life than in cold storage conditions. Moreover, the correlation between the $${\mu }_{s}^{\prime}$$ μ s ′ and the storage time was confirmed to be much higher than that using the external color indexes measured using a conventional colorimeter. Furthermore, employing time-resolved profiles at this single wavelength, an efficacious mathematical model has been successfully formulated to classify the stages of kiwifruit softening, specifically early, mid-, and late stages. Notably, classification accuracies of 84% and 78% were achieved for the shelf-life and cold storage conditions, respectively.