Author:
Mehringer Wolfgang,Stoeve Maike,Krauss Daniel,Ring Matthias,Steussloff Fritz,Güttes Moritz,Zott Julia,Hohberger Bettina,Michelson Georg,Eskofier Bjoern
Abstract
AbstractIn 2019, we faced a pandemic due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), with millions of confirmed cases and reported deaths. Even in recovered patients, symptoms can be persistent over weeks, termed Post-COVID. In addition to common symptoms of fatigue, muscle weakness, and cognitive impairments, visual impairments have been reported. Automatic classification of COVID and Post-COVID is researched based on blood samples and radiation-based procedures, among others. However, a symptom-oriented assessment for visual impairments is still missing. Thus, we propose a Virtual Reality environment in which stereoscopic stimuli are displayed to test the patient’s stereopsis performance. While performing the visual tasks, the eyes’ gaze and pupil diameter are recorded. We collected data from 15 controls and 20 Post-COVID patients in a study. Therefrom, we extracted features of three main data groups, stereopsis performance, pupil diameter, and gaze behavior, and trained various classifiers. The Random Forest classifier achieved the best result with 71% accuracy. The recorded data support the classification result showing worse stereopsis performance and eye movement alterations in Post-COVID. There are limitations in the study design, comprising a small sample size and the use of an eye tracking system.
Funder
Bavarian State Ministry for Economic Affairs
Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Reference104 articles.
1. Caldaria, A. et al. COVID-19 and SARS: Differences and similarities. Dermatol. Ther. 33, e13395. https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13395 (2020).
2. Hu, B., Guo, H., Zhou, P. & Shi, Z.-L. Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 19, 141–154. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-020-00459-7 (2021).
3. Dong, E., Du, H. & Gardner, L. An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time. Lancet Infect. Dis. 20, 533–534. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30120-1 (2020).
4. Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19-13 April 2023. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19-13-april-2023 (Accessed 17 April 2023).
5. COVID-19 Rapid Guideline: Managing the Long-term Effects of COVID-19 (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), 2020).
Cited by
2 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献