Abstract
AbstractThe general set of equations for the equilibrium of two solutions with a mixture of non-permeating and permeating ions and neutral solutes at each side of a permselective membrane is formulated using the principles of electroneutrality and mass conservation law for each solution, and equilibrium conditions: equality of electrochemical potentials at both sides of the membrane for each permeating solution component. There is at least one permeating neutral chemical species (solvent) in the system. The theory is in general valid for non-ideal solutions. The generalized Gibbs–Donnan (G–D) equilibrium coefficients depend on activities/fractions of all species at one side of the membrane, and charges of ions and partial molar volumes of all species. The equilibrium osmotic pressure across the membrane is also provided by the theory and can be calculated using the ratio of activities (or equivalently the G–D factor) of any permeating neutral solute (including solvent) or the ratios of activities (or equivalently the G–D factors) of any two permeating ions.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Reference32 articles.
1. Donnan, F. G. Theorie der Membrangleichgewichte und Membranpotentiale bei Vorhandensein von nicht dialysierenden Elektrolyten. Ein Beitrag zur physikalisch-chemischen Physiologie. Zeitschrift für Elektrochemie und angewandte physikalische Chemie 17(14), 572–581 (1911).
2. Guyton, A. & Hall, J. Textbook of Medical Physiology 11th edn. (Elsevier Saunders, 2006).
3. Katchalsky, A. & Curran, P. F. Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics in Biophysics (Harvard University Press, 1967).
4. Waniewski, J., Pietribiasi, M. & Pstras, L. Calculation of the Gibbs–Donnan factors for multi-ion solutions with non-permeating charge on both sides of a permselective membrane. Sci. Rep. 11(1), 22150 (2021).
5. Nguyen, M. K. & Kurtz, I. Determinants of plasma water sodium concentration as reflected in the Edelman equation: Role of osmotic and Gibbs–Donnan equilibrium. Am. J. Physiol.-Renal. 286(5), F828–F837 (2004).