Chemical improvement of soluble rocks: Foundation of Mosul Dam as case study-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Chemical improvement of soluble rocks: Foundation of Mosul Dam as case study

Published:2024-06-19 Issue:1 Volume:14 Page:
ISSN:2045-2322
Container-title:Scientific Reports
language:en
Short-container-title:Sci Rep

Author:

Aziz Aram,Soroush Abbas,Fattahi Seyed Mohammad,Imam Seyed Mohammad Reza,Ghahremani Mehrdad

Abstract

AbstractThe dissolution of soluble rocks (gypsum/anhydrite) beneath the Mosul Dam by water seepage has been observed upon the initial impoundment; consequently, several sinkholes have been manifested in the vicinity of the dam site. Traditional grouting has been envisaged as a potential remedy; however this measure has not eradicated the problem. The main purpose of this study is to overcome the solubility of the gypsum/anhydrite rocks using chemical grouts. Rock samples were acquired from the Fatha Formation outcrop and problematic layers of brecciated gypsum situated at varying depths beneath the Mosul Dam. Two commercially available liquid polymers, polyurethane (PU) and a mixture of acrylic and cement (ARC) were used to investigate their sealing performance in halting of the solubility of the rocks (gypsum/anhydrite). To simulate the dissolution phenomenon under the influence of artificial hydraulic pressure of the dam and the water flow in its abutments, two distinct laboratory models were devised. The outcomes from the experimental study on both untreated and treated samples revealed that the acrylic-cement composite (ARC) and polyurethane (PU) are influential polymers in halting the solubility of the gypsum rock samples under both factors of water pressure and high-velocity water flow.

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Link

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-64593-5.pdf

Reference62 articles.

1. Wakeley, L.D., Kelley, J.R. & Pearson, M.L. Geologic conceptual model of Mosul Dam. (2007).

2. Adamo, N., Al-Ansari, N., Laue, J., Knutsson, S. & Sissakian, V. Risk management concepts in dam safety evaluation: Mosul Dam as a case study. J. of Civil Eng. Arch. 11, 635–652 (2017).

3. Al-Ansari, N., Adamo, N., Knutsson, S., Laue, J. & Sissakian, V. Mosul dam: Is it the most dangerous dam in the world?. Geotech. Geol. Eng. 38, 5179–5199 (2020).

4. Lykoshin, A., Molokov, L. & Parabutchev, I. Karst and dam engineering. Russian.“Gidroproekt”, Moskva (in Russian) (1992).

5. Johnson, K. Problems of dam construction in areas of gypsum karst. Кapcтoвeдeниe XXI вeк: тeopeтичecкoe и пpaктичecкoe знaчeниe 236–240 (2004).