Author:
Bozorov Tohir A.,Toshmatov Zokir O.,Kahar Gulnaz,Muhammad Surayya M.,Liu Xiaojie,Zhang Daoyuan,Aytenov Ilkham S.,Turakulov Khurshid S.
Abstract
AbstractCytospora canker has become a devastating disease of apple species worldwide, and in severe cases, it may cause dieback of entire trees. The aim of this study was to characterize the diversity of cultivable bacteria from the wild apple microbiota and to determine their antifungal ability against the canker-causing pathogenic fungi Cytospora mali and C. parasitica. Five bacterial strains belonging to the species Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. atrophaeus, B. methylotrophicus, B. mojavensis, and Pseudomonas synxantha showed strong antagonistic effects against pathogenic fungi. Therefore, since the abovementioned Bacillus species produce known antifungal compounds, we characterized the antifungal compounds produced by Ps. synxantha. Bacteria grown on nutritional liquid medium were dehydrated, and the active compound from the crude extract was isolated and analysed via a range of chromatographic processes. High-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses revealed a bioactive antifungal compound, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) demonstrated that PCA inhibited mycelial growth, with a MIC of 10 mg mL−1. The results suggested that PCA could be used as a potential compound to control C. mali and C. malicola, and it is a potential alternative for postharvest control of canker disease.
Funder
CAS PIFI fellowship
Fundamental research grant
NSFC-Xinjiang Key Project
the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) Program
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
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