Impact of smoking on thyroid gland: dose-related effect of urinary cotinine levels on thyroid function and thyroid autoimmunity
Author:
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Multidisciplinary
Link
http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-40708-1.pdf
Reference32 articles.
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3. Jorde, R. & Sundsfjord, J. Serum TSH levels in smokers and non-smokers. The 5th Tromso study. Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes 114, 343–347 (2006).
4. Knudsen, N. et al. High occurrence of thyroid multinodularity and low occurrence of subclinical hypothyroidism among tobacco smokers in a large population study. J. Endocrinol. 175, 571–576 (2002).
5. Vestergaard, P. et al. Smoking as a risk factor for Graves’ disease, toxic nodular goiter, and autoimmune hypothyroidism. Thyroid 12, 69–75 (2002).
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