Longitudinal soluble marker profiles reveal strong association between cytokine storms resulting from macrophage activation and disease severity in COVID-19 disease

Author:

van Meijgaarden Krista E.,van Veen Suzanne,Tsonaka Roula,Ruibal Paula,Roukens Anna H. E.,Arbous Sesmu M.,Manniën Judith,Cannegieter Suzanne C.,Ottenhoff Tom H. M.,Joosten Simone A., ,Arbous Sesmu M.,van den Berg Bernard M.,Cannegieter Suzanne,Cobbaert Christa M.,van der Does Anne M.,van Dongen Jacques J. M.,Eikenboom Jeroen,Feltkamp Mariet C. W.,Geluk Annemieke,Goeman Jelle J.,Giera Martin,Hankemeier Thomas,Heemskerk Mirjam H. M.,Hiemstra Pieter S.,Hokke Cornelis H.,Janse Jacqueline J.,Jochems Simon P.,Kikkert Marjolein,Lamont Lieke,Pongrácz Tamás,del Prado Michael R.,Roestenberg Meta,Smits Hermelijn H.,Snijder Eric J.,Staal Frank J. T.,Trouw Leendert A.,Verhoeven Aswin,Visser Leo G.,de Vries Jutte J. C.,van Westerloo David J.,Wigbers Jeanette,van der Wijk Henk J.,van Wissen Robin C.,Wuhrer Manfred,Yazdanbakhsh Maria,Zlei Mihaela, ,Oud Josine A.,Baysan Meryem,Wigbers Jeanette,van Heurn Lieke J.,ter Haar Susan B.,Toppenberg Alexandra G. L.,Heerdink Laura,van IJlzinga Veenstra Annekee A.,Eikenboom Anna M.,Wubbolts Julia M.,Uzorka Jonathan,Lijfering Willem,Meier Romy,de Jonge Ingeborg,Arbous Sesmu M.,de Boer Mark G. J.,van der Bom Anske G.,Dekkers Olaf M.,Rosendaal Frits

Abstract

AbstractSARS-CoV2 infection results in a range of disease severities, but the underlying differential pathogenesis is still not completely understood. At presentation it remains difficult to estimate and predict severity, in particular, identify individuals at greatest risk of progression towards the most severe disease-states. Here we used advanced models with circulating serum analytes as variables in combination with daily assessment of disease severity using the SCODA-score, not only at single time points but also during the course of disease, to correlate analyte levels and disease severity. We identified a remarkably strong pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine profile with high levels for sCD163, CCL20, HGF, CHintinase3like1 and Pentraxin3 in serum which correlated with COVID-19 disease severity and overall outcome. Although precise analyte levels differed, resulting biomarker profiles were highly similar at early and late disease stages, and even during convalescence similar biomarkers were elevated and further included CXCL3, CXCL6 and Osteopontin. Taken together, strong pro-inflammatory marker profiles were identified in patients with COVID-19 disease which correlated with overall outcome and disease severity.

Funder

Leiden University Fund

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

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