Abstract
AbstractMolluscan shell matrix proteins (SMPs) are essential in biomineralization. Here, we identify potentially important SMPs by exploiting the asymmetric shell growth in snail, Lymnaea stagnalis. Asymmetric shells require bilaterally asymmetric expression of SMP genes. We examined expression levels of 35,951 transcripts expressed in the left and right sides of mantle tissue of the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis. This transcriptome dataset was used to identify 207 SMPs by LC-MS/MS. 32 of the 207 SMP genes show asymmetric expression patterns, which were further verified for 4 of the 32 SMPs using quantitative PCR analysis. Among asymmetrically expressed SMPs in dextral snails, those that are more highly expressed on the left side than the right side are 3 times more abundant than those that are more highly expressed on the right than the left, suggesting potentially inhibitory roles of SMPs in shell formation. The 32 SMPs thus identified have distinctive features, such as conserved domains and low complexity regions, which may be essential in biomineralization.
Funder
MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Reference61 articles.
1. Lowenstam, H. A. & Weiner, S. On Biomineralization. (Oxford University Press, 1989).
2. Mann, S. Biomineralization. (Oxford University Press, 2001).
3. Sucov, H. M. et al. A lineage-specific gene encoding a major matrix protein of the sea urchin embryo spicule. II. Structure of the gene and derived sequence of the protein. Dev. Biol 120, 507–519 (1987).
4. Miyamoto, H. et al. A carbonic anhydrase from the nacreous layer in oyster pearls. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci 93, 9657–9660 (1996).
5. Sudo, S. et al. Structures of mollusc shell framework proteins [6]. Nature 387, 563–564 (1997).
Cited by
12 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献，注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献，订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献