Author:
do Socorro Silva da Veiga Andreza,Silveira Fernando Tobias,da Silva Edilene Oliveira,Júnior José Antônio Picanço Diniz,Araújo Sanderson Corrêa,Campos Marliane Batista,do Rosário Marinho Andrey Moacir,Brandão Geraldo Célio,Vale Valdicley Vieira,Percário Sandro,Dolabela Maria Fâni
Abstract
AbstractThis study evaluated the morphological changes caused by fractions and subfractions, obtained from barks of Aspidosperna nitidum, against L. (L.) amazonensis promastigotes. The ethanolic extract (EE) obtained through the maceration of trunk barks was subjected to an acid–base partition, resulting the neutral (FN) and the alkaloid (FA) fractions, and fractionation under reflux, yielded hexane (FrHEX), dichloromethane (FrDCL), ethyl acetate (FrACoET), and methanol (FrMEOH) fractions. The FA was fractionated and three subfractions (SF5-6, SF8, and SF9) were obtained and analyzed by HPLC–DAD and 1H NMR. The antipromastigote activity of all samples was evaluated by MTT, after that, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for the active fractions were performed. Chromatographic analyzes suggest the presence of alkaloids in EE, FN, FA, and FrDCL. The fractionation of FA led to the isolation of the indole alkaloid dihydrocorynantheol (SF8 fractions). The SF5-6, dihydrocorynantheol and SF-9 samples were active against promastigotes, while FrDCL was moderately active. The SEM analysis revealed cell rounding and changes in the flagellum of the parasites. In the TEM analysis, the treated promastigotes showed changes in flagellar pocket and kinetoplast, and presence of lipid inclusions. These results suggest that alkaloids isolated from A. nitidum are promising as leishmanicidal.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Reference46 articles.
1. PAHO (Pan American Health Organization). Información general: Leishmaniasis. http: //www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=417:2014-informacion-general-leishmaniasis&itemid (2018).
2. Sundar, S. & Chakravarty, J. Liposomal amphotericin B and Leishmaniasis: dose and response. J. Glob. Infect. Dis. 2, 159–166. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-777X.62886 (2010).
3. Chulay, J. D., Spencer, H. C. & Mugambi, M. Electrocardiographic changes during treatment of leishmaniasis with pentavalent antimony (sodium stibogluconate). Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 34, 702–709. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1985.34.702 (1985).
4. Croft, S. L. & Yardley, V. Chemotherapy of leishmaniasis. Curr. Pharm. Des. 8(4), 319–342. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612023396258 (2002).
5. Franke, E. D. et al. Efficacy and toxicity of sodium stibogluconate for mucosal leishmaniasis. Ann. Int. Med. 113, 934–940. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-12-934 (1990).