Author:
Harikrishnan Ramasamy,Devi Gunapathy,Balasundaram Chellam,Van Doan Hien,Jaturasitha Sanchai,Ringø Einar,Faggio Caterina
Abstract
AbstractThe effect of chrysophanic acid (CA) (2, 4, and 8 mg kg−1) on the immunity and immune-related gene profile of Catla catla against Aeromonas hydrophila is reported. In both control and treated groups fed with 2 mg kg−1 (2 CA), the phagocytosis, hemolytic, myeloperoxidase content, and superoxide anion production decreased significantly between 6th and 8th weeks, whereas when fed with 4 mg kg−1 CA (4 CA) the H2O2 production and nitric oxide synthase increased significantly between 4th and 8th week. When fed with 2 CA and 4 CA diets, the total protein, bactericidal, and antibody titer increased significantly from the 4th week onwards. When fed with 2 CA, the IL-1β and IL-10 mRNA expression of head kidney leucocytes were significant between weeks 6 and 8. The expressions of toll-like receptors significantly increased when fed with a 4 CA diet from 4th week onwards. The 4 CA group significantly increased in TNF-α, TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (NOD), which influences protein expression, after the 4th week. The mRNA transcription of MHCI, lysozyme-chicken and goose type expressions significantly increased in 4 CA group within the 4th week. In summary, the dietary administration of 4 mg kg−1 of CA (4 CA) provides better immunity and enhances the up-regulation of immune-related genes in Catla against A. hydrophila.
Funder
Chiang Mai Univerity, Thailand
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Reference104 articles.
1. Little, D. C., Newton, R. & Beveridge, M. Aquaculture: A rapidly growing and significant source of sustainable food? Status, transitions and potential. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 75, 274–286 (2016).
2. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2018 - Meeting the sustainable development goals. Rome. ISBN 978-92-5-130562-1. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo (2018).
3. Shabana, M., Karthika, M. & Ramasubramanian, V. Effect of dietary Citrus sinensis peel extract on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, muscle biochemical composition, and metabolic enzyme status of the freshwater fish, Catla catla. J. Basic Appl. Zool. 80, 51 (2019).
4. Vanitha, M., Dhanapal, K. & Reddy, G. V. S. Quality changes in fish burger from Catla (Catla Catla) during refrigerated storage. J. Food Sci. Technol. 52, 1766–1771 (2015).
5. Lieke, T. et al. Sustainable aquaculture requires environmental-friendly treatment strategies for fish diseases. Rev. Aquacult. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12365 (2019).