1. Taiebat, M., Brown, A. L., Safford, H. R., Qu, S. & Xu, M. A review on energy, environmental, and sustainability implications of connected and automated vehicles. Environ. Sci. Technol. 52, 11449–11465 (2018).
2. Stephens, T. et al. Estimated Bounds and Important Factors for Fuel Use and Consumer Costs of Connected and Automated Vehicles (National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2016).
3. Study of the Potential Energy Consumption Impacts of Connected and Automated Vehicles (US Energy Information Administration, US Department of Energy, 2017).
4. Offer, G. J. Automated vehicles and electrification of transport. Environ. Sci. Technol. 8, 26–30 (2015).
5. Hawkins, A. J. Not all of our self-driving cars will be electrically powered—here’s why. The Verge https://www.theverge.com/2017/12/12/16748024/self-driving-electric-hybrid-ev-av-gm-ford/ (2017).