1. Bierhorst, D. W. Morphology of Vascular Plants (Macmillan, 1971).
2. Hetherington, A. J. & Dolan, L. The evolution of lycopsid rooting structures: conservatism and disparity. New Phytol. 215, 538–544 (2017).
3. Motte, H. & Beeckman, T. The evolution of root branching: increasing the level of plasticity. J. Exp. Bot. 70, 785–793 (2019).
4. Boyce, C. K. in Vascular Transport in Plants (eds Holbrook, N. M. & Zwieniecki, M. A.) 479–500 (Elsevier Academic Press, 2005).
5. Algeo, T. J. & Scheckler, S. E. Terrestrial-marine teleconnections in the Devonian: links between the evolution of land plants, weathering processes, and marine anoxic events. Proc. R. Soc. B 353, 113–130 (1998).