Viral genetic clustering and transmission dynamics of the 2022 mpox outbreak in Portugal

Author:

Borges Vítor,Duque Mariana PerezORCID,Martins João Vieira,Vasconcelos Paula,Ferreira Rita,Sobral DanielORCID,Pelerito Ana,de Carvalho Isabel Lopes,Núncio Maria SofiaORCID,Borrego Maria José,Roemer CorneliusORCID,Neher Richard A.ORCID,O’Driscoll MeganORCID,Rocha Raquel,Lopo Sílvia,Neves Raquel,Palminha Paula,Coelho Luís,Nunes AlexandraORCID,Isidro Joana,Pinto Miguel,Santos João Dourado,Mixão VerónicaORCID,Santos DanielaORCID,Duarte Silvia,Vieira LuísORCID,Martins Fátima,Machado Jorge,Veríssimo Vítor Cabral,Grau BertaORCID,Peralta-Santos André,Neves José,Caldeira Margarida,Pestana Mafalda,Fernandes Cândida,Caria João,Pinto Raquel,Póvoas Diana,Maltez Fernando,Sá Ana Isabel,Salvador Mafalda Brito,Teófilo Eugénio,Rocha MiguelORCID,Moneti Virginia,Duque Luis Miguel,e Silva Francisco Ferreira,Baptista Teresa,Vasconcelos Joana,Casanova Sara,Mansinho Kamal,Alves João Vaz,Alves João,Silva AntónioORCID,Alpalhão Miguel,Brazão Cláudia,Sousa Diogo,Filipe Paulo,Pacheco Patrícia,Peruzzu Francesca,de Jesus Rita PatrocínioORCID,Ferreira Luís,Mendez Josefina,Jordão Sofia,Duarte Frederico,Gonçalves Maria João,Pena Eduarda,Silva Claúdio Nunes,Guimarães André Rodrigues,Tavares Margarida,Freitas Graça,Cordeiro RitaORCID,Gomes João PauloORCID

Abstract

AbstractPathogen genome sequencing during epidemics enhances our ability to identify and understand suspected clusters and investigate their relationships. Here, we combine genomic and epidemiological data of the 2022 mpox outbreak to better understand early viral spread, diversification and transmission dynamics. By sequencing 52% of the confirmed cases in Portugal, we identified the mpox virus sublineages with the highest impact on case numbers and fitted them into a global context, finding evidence that several international sublineages probably emerged or spread early in Portugal. We estimated a 62% infection reporting rate and that 1.3% of the population of men who have sex with men in Portugal were infected. We infer the critical role played by sexual networks and superspreader gatherings, such as sauna attendance, in the dissemination of mpox virus. Overall, our findings highlight genomic epidemiology as a tool for the real-time monitoring and control of mpox epidemics, and can guide future vaccine policy in a highly susceptible population.

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine

Reference52 articles.

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