Abstract
Abstract
Graphene, owing to its inherent chemical inertness, biocompatibility, and mechanical flexibility, has great potential in guiding cell behaviors such as adhesion and differentiation. However, due to the two-dimensional (2D) nature of graphene, the microfabrication of graphene into micro/nanoscale patterns has been widely adopted for guiding cellular assembly. In this study, we report crumpled graphene, i.e., monolithically defined graphene with a nanoscale wavy surface texture, as a tissue engineering platform that can efficiently promote aligned C2C12 mouse myoblast cell differentiation. We imparted out-of-plane, nanoscale crumpled morphologies to flat graphene via compressive strain-induced deformation. When C2C12 mouse myoblast cells were seeded on the uniaxially crumpled graphene, not only were the alignment and elongation promoted at a single-cell level but also the differentiation and maturation of myotubes were enhanced compared to that on flat graphene. These results demonstrate the utility of the crumpled graphene platform for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine for skeletal muscle tissues.
Funder
United States Department of Defense | Defense Threat Reduction Agency
National Science Foundation
Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science
United States Department of Defense | United States Navy | Office of Naval Research
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
National Research Foundation of Korea
Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy
Ajou University
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,Condensed Matter Physics,Materials Science (miscellaneous),Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
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