1. Beale, L. S. Examination of sputum from a case of cancer of the pharynx and the adjacent parts. Arch. Med. Lond. 2, 44 (1860). This paper established the use of cell structure as a central tool in the diagnosis of cancer.
2. DeMay, R. M. The Art and Science of Cytopathology (American Society of Clinical Pathologists Press, Chicago, 1996). This standard clinical textbook and reference manual describes the changes in cell structure that occur in many different cancers and shows how these changes are used in the diagnosis of cancer by light microscopy.
3. Fu, Y. S., Reagan, J. W. & Bennington, J. L. Pathology of the Uterine Cervix, Vagina, and Vulva (W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 1989).
4. Nickerson, J. Experimental observations of a nuclear matrix. J. Cell Sci. 114, 463–474 (2001). This comprehensive review of the nuclear matrix describes the ultrastructure and composition of this structure. It also discusses the methods that are used to isolate the nuclear matrix and addresses controversies about nuclear-matrix isolation protocols.
5. Nickerson, J. A., Krockmalnic, G., Wan, K. M. & Penman, S. The nuclear matrix revealed by eluting chromatin from a cross-linked nucleus. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 94, 4446–4450 (1997).