A draft genome of Drung cattle reveals clues to its chromosomal fusion and environmental adaptation

Author:

Chen Yan,Zhang Tianliu,Xian Ming,Zhang Rui,Yang Weifei,Su Baqi,Yang Guoqiang,Sun Limin,Xu Wenkun,Xu Shangzhong,Gao Huijiang,Xu Lingyang,Gao XueORCID,Li JunyaORCID

Abstract

AbstractDrung cattle (Bos frontalis) have 58 chromosomes, differing from the Bos taurus 2n = 60 karyotype. To date, its origin and evolution history have not been proven conclusively, and the mechanisms of chromosome fusion and environmental adaptation have not been clearly elucidated. Here, we assembled a high integrity and good contiguity genome of Drung cattle with 13.7-fold contig N50 and 4.1-fold scaffold N50 improvements over the recently published Indian mithun assembly, respectively. Speciation time estimation and phylogenetic analysis showed that Drung cattle diverged from Bos taurus into an independent evolutionary clade. Sequence evidence of centromere regions provides clues to the breakpoints in BTA2 and BTA28 centromere satellites. We furthermore integrated a circulation and contraction-related biological process involving 43 evolutionary genes that participated in pathways associated with the evolution of the cardiovascular system. These findings may have important implications for understanding the molecular mechanisms of chromosome fusion, alpine valleys adaptability and cardiovascular function.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,Medicine (miscellaneous)

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