Genome assembly and chemogenomic profiling of National Flower of Singapore Papilionanthe Miss Joaquim ‘Agnes’ reveals metabolic pathways regulating floral traits

Author:

Lim Abner HerbertORCID,Low Zhen Jie,Shingate Prashant Narendra,Hong Jing Han,Chong Shu Chen,Ng Cedric Chuan Young,Liu Wei,Vaser Robert,Šikić Mile,Sung Wing-Kin Ken,Nagarajan NiranjanORCID,Tan Patrick,Teh Bin TeanORCID

Abstract

AbstractSingapore’s National Flower, Papilionanthe (Ple.) Miss Joaquim ‘Agnes’ (PMJ) is highly prized as a horticultural flower from the Orchidaceae family. A combination of short-read sequencing, single-molecule long-read sequencing and chromatin contact mapping was used to assemble the PMJ genome, spanning 2.5 Gb and 19 pseudo-chromosomal scaffolds. Genomic resources and chemical profiling provided insights towards identifying, understanding and elucidating various classes of secondary metabolite compounds synthesized by the flower. For example, presence of the anthocyanin pigments detected by chemical profiling coincides with the expression of ANTHOCYANIN SYNTHASE (ANS), an enzyme responsible for the synthesis of the former. Similarly, the presence of vandaterosides (a unique class of glycosylated organic acids with the potential to slow skin aging) discovered using chemical profiling revealed the involvement of glycosyltransferase family enzymes candidates in vandateroside biosynthesis. Interestingly, despite the unnoticeable scent of the flower, genes involved in the biosynthesis of volatile compounds and chemical profiling revealed the combination of oxygenated hydrocarbons, including traces of linalool, beta-ionone and vanillin, forming the scent profile of PMJ. In summary, by combining genomics and biochemistry, the findings expands the known biodiversity repertoire of the Orchidaceae family and insights into the genome and secondary metabolite processes of PMJ.

Funder

Ministry of Health, Singapore SingHealth Duke-NUS Institute of Biodiversity Medicine

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,Medicine (miscellaneous)

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