DNA vaccines: ready for prime time?

Author:

Kutzler Michele A.,Weiner David B.

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Genetics (clinical),Genetics,Molecular Biology

Reference163 articles.

1. Tang, D. C., DeVit, M. & Johnston, S. A. Genetic immunization is a simple method for eliciting an immune response. Nature 356, 152–154 (1992). This is the first paper to report that introducing a protein-coding gene directly into the skin of mice (by propelling DNA-coated gold microprojectiles into cells of a living animal) could elicit antibody responses against the delivered antigen.

2. Ulmer, J. B. et al. Heterologous protection against influenza by injection of DNA encoding a viral protein. Science 259, 1745–1749 (1993). This report, and references 3 and 4, were the original articles that described the ability to deliver by plasmid a viral antigen for presentation to the immune system without the limitations of direct peptide delivery or viral vectors.

3. Fynan, E. F. et al. DNA vaccines: protective immunizations by parenteral, mucosal, and gene-gun inoculations. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 90, 11478–11482 (1993). The authors report that different sites of plasmid delivery supported plasmid-driven immune responses to DNA-encoding influenza virus antigen; a gene gun was used to deliver low levels of plasmid immunogenes.

4. Wang, B. et al. Gene inoculation generates immune responses against human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 90, 4156–4160 (1993). This is the first report of a DNA vaccine approach for HIV-1. It shows that the gene inoculation technique mimics features of vaccination with live attenuated viruses, including induction of CTL and T helper cell responses, and type-specific antibody responses.

5. Ruprecht, R. M. Live attenuated AIDS viruses as vaccines: promise or peril? Immunol. Rev. 170, 135–149 (1999).

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