Abstract
AbstractModifications of gravity levels induce generalized adaptation of mammalian physiology, including vascular, brain, muscle, bone and immunity functions. As a crucial interface between the vascular system and the brain, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) acts as a filter to protect neurons from pathogens and inflammation. Here we compare the effects of several protocols of hypergravity induced by centrifugation and whole-body vibrations (WBV) on BBB integrity. The immunohistochemistry revealed immunoglobulin G (IgG) extravasation from blood to hippocampal parenchyma of mice centrifuged at 2 × g during 1 or 50 days, whereas short exposures to higher hypergravity mimicking the profiles of spaceflight landing and take-off (short exposures to 5 × g) had no effects. These results suggest prolonged centrifugation (>1 days) at 2 × g induced a BBB leakage. Moreover, WBV were similarly tested. The short exposure to +2 × g vibrations (900 s/day at 90 Hz) repeated for 63 days induced IgG extravasation in hippocampal parenchyma, whereas the progressive increase of vibrations from +0.5 to +2 × g for 63 days was not able to affect the IgG crossing through the BBB. Overall, these results suggest that the BBB permeability is sensitive to prolonged external accelerations. In conclusion, we advise that the protocols of WBV and centrifugation, proposed as countermeasure to spaceflight, should be designed with progressively increasing exposure to reduce potential side effects on the BBB.
Funder
Agence Nationale de la Recherche
Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Université de Bordeaux
Université Paris Descartes
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
Université de Lyon
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Space and Planetary Science,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous),Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous),Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous),Materials Science (miscellaneous),Medicine (miscellaneous)
Reference42 articles.
1. Evans, J. M., Knapp, C. F. & Goswami, N. Artificial gravity as a countermeasure to the cardiovascular deconditioning of spaceflight: gender perspectives. Front. Physiol. 9, https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00716 (2018).
2. Hallgren, E. et al. Dysfunctional vestibular system causes a blood pressure drop in astronauts returning from space. Sci. Rep. 5, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep17627 (2015).
3. Norsk, P. Blood pressure regulation IV: adaptive responses to weightlessness. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 114, 481–497 (2014).
4. Van Ombergen, A. et al. The effect of spaceflight and microgravity on the human brain. J. Neurol. 264, 18–22 (2017).
5. Clément, G., Paloski, W. H., Rittweger, J., Linnarsson, D. & Bareille, M. P. Centrifugation as a countermeasure during bed rest and dry immersion: what has been learned? J. Musculoskelet. Neuronal Interact. 16, 84–91 (2016).
Cited by
23 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献