Abstract
AbstractUnderstanding the impacts of COVID-19 on citizens from different cities is crucial for urban resilience-building and reducing inequal resilience distribution. However, little research focuses on urban life at the individual level, particularly in second- and third-tier cities. An online survey was therefore conducted to collect data on how COVID-19 affected the cities and urban residents in mainland China. The results indicate that COVID-19 limited citizens’ access to healthcare facilities and socioeconomic activities apart from the immediate health crisis. Most citizens suffered reduced income, unemployment, and social anxiety. However, COVID-19 also raised social awareness and actions for disaster adaptation. The Chinese pandemic management has strengthened governmental leadership and credibility among most citizens in the early stage. Importantly, the results suggested that citizens in first-tier cities appeared more resilient to pandemics than those in second-tier cities. A networked resilience framework was therefore discussed for resilience-building policy implications.
Funder
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Reference93 articles.
1. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Population Prospects 2022: Summary of Results. UN DESA/POP/2022/TR/NO. 3 (2022).
2. Gautam, S. & Hens, L. COVID-19: impact by and on the environment, health and economy. Environ. Dev. Sustain. 22, 4953–4954 (2020).
3. Tong, P. Characteristics, dimensions and methods of current assessment for urban resilience to climate-related disasters: a systematic review of the literature. Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct. 60, 102276 (2021).
4. Holling, C. S. Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 4, 1–23 (1973).
5. Gunderson, L. H. & Holling, C. S. Panarchy: Understanding Transformations in Human and Natural Systems (Island Press, 2002).