International Myeloma Working Group risk stratification model for smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM)

Author:

Mateos María-VictoriaORCID,Kumar ShajiORCID,Dimopoulos Meletios A.ORCID,González-Calle Verónica,Kastritis Efstathios,Hajek Roman,De Larrea Carlos Fernández,Morgan Gareth J.,Merlini GiampaoloORCID,Goldschmidt HartmutORCID,Geraldes Catarina,Gozzetti AlessandroORCID,Kyriakou Charalampia,Garderet Laurent,Hansson MarkusORCID,Zamagni Elena,Fantl Dorotea,Leleu Xavier,Kim Byung-Su,Esteves Graça,Ludwig Heinz,Usmani SaadORCID,Min Chang-Ki,Qi Ming,Ukropec Jon,Weiss Brendan M.,Rajkumar S. VincentORCID,Durie Brian G. M.,San-Miguel JesúsORCID

Abstract

AbstractSmoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) is an asymptomatic precursor state of multiple myeloma (MM). Recently, MM was redefined to include biomarkers predicting a high risk of progression from SMM, thus necessitating a redefinition of SMM and its risk stratification. We assembled a large cohort of SMM patients meeting the revised IMWG criteria to develop a new risk stratification system. We included 1996 patients, and using stepwise selection and multivariable analysis, we identified three independent factors predicting progression risk at 2 years: serum M-protein >2 g/dL (HR: 2.1), involved to uninvolved free light-chain ratio >20 (HR: 2.7), and marrow plasma cell infiltration >20% (HR: 2.4). This translates into 3 categories with increasing 2-year progression risk: 6% for low risk (38%; no risk factors, HR: 1); 18% for intermediate risk (33%; 1 factor; HR: 3.0), and 44% for high risk (29%; 2–3 factors). Addition of cytogenetic abnormalities (t(4;14), t(14;16), +1q, and/or del13q) allowed separation into 4 groups (low risk with 0, low intermediate risk with 1, intermediate risk with 2, and high risk with ≥3 risk factors) with 6, 23, 46, and 63% risk of progression in 2 years, respectively. The 2/20/20 risk stratification model can be easily implemented to identify high-risk SMM for clinical research and routine practice and will be widely applicable.

Funder

Janssen Research and Development

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Oncology,Hematology

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