Civil substantive and procedural legal means of securing reparations for Ukraine

Abstract

The subject of the study is the forms of reparations for damage and the procedural means of obtaining them within the institutions which constitute transitional justice and which should comply with international standards. The purpose of the article is to determine the directions for institutional changes in the procedure and peculiarities of compensation for damage caused to individuals by the armed aggression of the russian federation, primarily in national courts in the context of legal institutions of transitional justice. To obtain the results of the study, the author used general scientific and special legal methods, in particular, analysis, generalisation, and comparative legal analysis. The conditions for balanced fulfilment of transitional justice tasks in the context of fair reparations for victims have been investigated. The legal means aimed at obtaining reparations for damage caused as a result of armed aggression have been considered. The author identifies the types and role of legal immunities and amnesties as means of reconciliation, their conditions of implementation and application in relation to the effectiveness and availability of reparations for gross human rights violations and war crimes. The forms of reparations that should be guaranteed to victims for the relevant crimes have been investigated. The results of the study are a new special approach to determining the relationship between substantive and related procedural legal means of transitional justice that may affect reparations at the national level. The role of amnesties and immunities as legal incentives and means of influencing the effectiveness and accessibility of reparations to victims has been identified and generalised. The provisions on ensuring a balanced ratio of private and public interests in the implementation of transitional justice elements have been further developed. The author identifies areas for a balanced combination of legal means and increasing their effectiveness to ensure the goals of transitional justice. The results of the study can be used in educational, law-making, law interpretation and law enforcement processes, in particular in civil proceedings in Ukraine. Practical significance lies in the possibility of applying the results in determining procedural ways to protect the rights of victims.