Analysis of Price and Incentive Based Demand Response programs on Unit Commitment using Particle Swarm Optimization

Abstract

The increase in power demand by various infrastructural development activities and industrial automations in recent years have made a vital effect with respect to the load demand. To effectively manage the load demand, several Load Management (LM) techniques has been adopted in all energy policy decisions. In the de-regulated power system, the Demand Side Management (DSM) owing to its advantages at economic environments are regarded as remarkable choice and has been extended to incorporate Demand Response Programs (DRPs) in the load management techniques. In this paper, a responsive load economic model is developed. This model is based on the two factors such as price elasticity of demand and welfare function of customers. A Demand Response (DR) based Unit Commitment (DRUC) problem is studied to execute the economic analysis of DRPs. The main idea behind the DRUC is to maximize the benefit of both customers and utilities. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique has been used to resolve the unit commitment problem with and without DRPs. The optimization outcomes are also compared with the conventional methods. To verify the efficacy of the DRUC model, the conventional ten-unit test system is considered. The simulated result shows that Critical Peak Pricing (CPP) and Direct Load Control (DLC) gives the best peak reduction and Time of Use (TOU) gives the best total cost reduction among all the DRPs and the other conventional methods.