Randomized clinical trial of the effect of needle gauge and local anaesthetic on the pain of breast fine-needle aspiration cytology

Abstract

Abstract Background Breast fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an invasive investigation which can be uncomfortable or distressing. This randomized study investigated the discomfort of breast FNAC and the effect of different techniques. Methods Some 116 FNAC samples were taken from 98 women with a palpable breast mass. Each patient was randomized to one of four study groups; aspiration was performed using a green-hub (21 G) or blue-hub (23 G) needle, either with or without local anaesthetic. Each patient scored the pain of the whole procedure using a visual analogue scale. Results A green-hub needle caused significantly more discomfort (mean(s.e.m.) pain score 5·1(0·4) cm) than a blue-hub needle (2·9(0·4) cm), or either a blue- or green-hub needle with local anaesthetic (3·0(0·4) and 2·1(0·4) cm respectively) (F = 10·28, 3112 d.f., P < 0·01, analysis of variance). Conclusion The discomfort of breast FNAC is dependent upon the gauge of the needle and the use of local anaesthetic. A blue-hub needle without local anaesthetic should be first choice for breast FNAC.