Quality of life in patients with benign anorectal disorders

Abstract

Abstract Background Benign proctological conditions are very common in Western civilization. However, to date quality of life in these patients has not been evaluated comprehensively. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI) is a useful instrument for measuring quality of life in these patients, and subsequently to establish baseline values for different anorectal disorders. Methods The questionnaire was completed by 325 consecutive patients (182 men; mean age 49 years) seen at the proctology outpatient clinic. For further analysis patients were classified into nine subgroups according to the primary diagnosis: group 1, haemorrhoids (n = 96); group 2, anal fissure (n = 38); group 3, fistula in ano (n = 22); group 4, severe constipation (n = 14); group 5, faecal incontinence (n = 35); group 6, symptomatic anterior rectocele (n = 12); group 7, perianal abscess (n =7); group 8, perianal thrombosis (n = 7); and group 9, miscellaneous conditions (e.g. skin tags, anal papillomas, mild constipation, rectal polyps) (n = 94). The GIQLI scores were compared between the subgroups. In addition the GIQLI scores of age-matched healthy controls, derived from data in the literature, were compared with the patients' scores. Results The mean GIQLI score for all patients was 113 (78·5 per cent of the maximum score of 144). Mean scores for the nine diagnostic subgroups were: group 1, 120; group 2, 104; group 3, 119; group 4, 94; group 5, 93; group 6, 112; group 7, 115; group 8, 129; and group 9, 117. Age-matched controls from a series published previously had a significantly higher GIQLI score compared with all patients (P < 0·0001). However, only the subgroups of patients with miscellaneous conditions, fissures, severe constipation and faecal incontinence had a significantly poorer quality of life than age-matched healthy individuals. Conclusion The GIQLI is a valuable instrument for measuring quality of life in patients with benign anorectal disorders. Although certain diseases do not seem to affect quality of life profoundly, certain subgroups of patients, most notably those with incontinence and severe constipation, are extremely compromised. Severely constipated individuals exhibit the same poor quality of life as patients with faecal incontinence.