1. Health Management Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
2. Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
3. Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
4. Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
5. Institute of Health Care Management, College of Management, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
6. Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
7. Department of Orthopaedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
8. Department of Surgery, Park One International Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
9. Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
10. Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
11. Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
12. Department of Business Management, College of Management, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
13. Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
14. Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.