Towards real-time monitoring of odour emissions from waste treatment plants: a case study

Abstract

The most recent Best Available Techniques (BAT) for waste treatment plants indicate odour as environmental pollutants to be monitored and controlled. In Italy, the prescription of permanent installations of electronic noses (or Industrial Odour Monitoring Systems - IOMS) in the environmental permit of waste treatment plants (WTPs) is becoming more and more frequent. IOMS are intended to provide a real-time estimation of the odour concentration at the fenceline of the plant. Although this type of IOMS application is becoming very common, it is far from being state-of-the-art. In this context, this paper describes a research project aimed at the implementation at the fenceline of a WTP of an IOMS network, comprising two IOMS and a meteorological station. The paper focuses on presenting the experimental procedure involved for training IOMS and verifying their performance in the field. 5 olfactometric campaigns were carried out at the plant to build IOMS calibration models aimed at WTP odours detection, classification, and quantification. Results of field performance testing proved, with classification accuracies above 95% achieved by both IOMS, a very good capability of properly trained IOMS to recognize WTP odours. Moreover, they pointed out a great agreement between the estimations of the odour concentration provided by the IOMS and the odour concentration assessed by dynamic olfactometry, thereby boosting the research in this field. Finally, the paper reports the results of 1-year monitoring at the WTP with the purpose of evaluating the possibility to define an alarm threshold for the odour concentration.