1. Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
2. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
3. Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, Texas, USA;
4. Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
5. Division of Neurosciences Critical Care, Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
6. Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada